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22. Market Risk

Effective from 2022-12-27 - Dec 31 2022
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22.1The market risk section includes the market risk capital requirements calculated for trading book and banking book exposures that are subject to market risk capital requirements in SMAR2 to SMAR13. It also includes capital requirements for securitisation positions held in the trading book. However, it excludes the counterparty credit risk capital requirements that apply to the same exposures, which are reported in section 20.
 
22.2The disclosure requirements under this section are:
 
 22.2.1General information about market risk:
 
  a.Table MRA - General qualitative disclosure requirements related to market risk under the standardised approach
 
  b.Template MR1 - Market risk under the standardised approach
 
 22.2.2Market risk under the internal models approach (IMA). The disclosure requirements related in this section are not required to be completed by banks unless SAMA approves the bank to use the IMA approach.
 
  a.Table MRB - Qualitative disclosures for banks using the IMA
 
  b.Template MR2 - Market risk IMA per risk type
 
 22.2.3Market risk under the simplified standardised approach (SSA)
 
  a.Template MR3 - Market risk under the simplified standardised approach
 
22.2.1General information about market risk:
 
Table MRA: General qualitative disclosure requirements related to market risk
Purpose: Provide a description of the risk management objectives and policies for market risk as defined in SMAR3.1.
Scope of application: The table is mandatory for all banks that are subject to the market risk framework.
Content: Quantitative information.
Frequency: Annual.
Format: Flexible.

Banks must describe their risk management objectives and policies for market risk according to the framework as follows: 

(a)  
Strategies and processes of the bank, which must include an explanation and/or a description of:   

 
•
The bank's strategic objectives in undertaking trading activities, as well as the processes implemented to identify, measure, monitor and control the bank's market risks, including policies for hedging risk and the strategies/processes for monitoring the continuing effectiveness of hedges.
 •Policies for determining whether a position is designated as trading, including the definition of stale positions and the risk management policies for monitoring those positions. In addition, banks should describe cases where instruments are assigned to the trading or banking book contrary to the general presumptions of their instrument category and the market and gross fair value of such cases, as well as cases where instruments have been moved from one book to the other since the last reporting period, including the gross fair value of such cases and the reason for the move.
 • Description of internal risk transfer activities, including the types of internal risk transfer desk (SMAR5) 

(b)
The structure and organisation of the market risk management function, including a description of the market risk governance structure established to implement the strategies and processes of the bank discussed in row (a) above.
(c)The scope and nature of risk reporting and/or measurement systems.

Table MR1: Market risk under the standardised approach
Purpose: Provide the components of the capital requirements under the standardised approach for market risk.
Scope of application: The template is mandatory for banks having part or all of their market risk capital requirements measured according to the standardised approach. For banks that use the internal models approach (IMA), the standardised approach capital requirement in this template must be calculated based on the portfolios in trading desks that do not use the IMA (ie trading desks that are not deemed eligible to use the IMA per the terms of SMAR10.4).
Content: Capital requirements (as defined in SMAR6 to SMAR9).
Frequency: Semiannual.
Format: Fixed. Additional rows can be added for the breakdown of other risks.
Accompanying narrative: Banks are expected to supplement the template with a narrative commentary to explain any significant change over the reporting period and the key drivers of such changes. In particular, the narrative should inform about changes in the scope of application, including changes due to trading desks for which capital requirements are calculated using the standardised approach.
 
 a
Capital requirement in standardised approach
1General interest rate risk 
2Equity risk 
3Commodity risk 
4Foreign exchange risk 
5Credit spread risk - non-securitisations 
6Credit spread risk - securitisations (non-correlation trading portfolio) 
7Credit spread risk - securitisation (correlation trading portfolio) 
8Default risk - non-securitisations 
9Default risk - securitisations (non-correlation trading portfolio) 
10Default risk - securitisations (correlation trading portfolio) 
11Residual risk add-on 
12Total 

Linkages across templates
 
[MR1 12/a] is equal to [OV1 21/c]
 
22.2.2 Market risk under the internal models approach (IMA):
 
Table MRB: Qualitative disclosures for banks using the IMA
Purpose: Provide the scope, main characteristics and key modelling choices of the different models used for the capital requirement computation of market risks using the IMA.
Scope of application: The table is mandatory for all banks using the IMA to calculate the market risk capital requirements. To provide meaningful information to users on a bank’s use of internal models, the bank must describe the main characteristics of the models used at the group-wide level (according to the scope of regulatory consolidation) and explain the extent to which they represent all the models used at the group-wide level. The commentary must include the percentage of capital requirements covered by the models described for each of the regulatory models (expected shortfall (ES), default risk capital (DRC) requirement and stressed expected shortfall (SES) for non-modellable risk factors (NMRFs)).
Content: Quantitative information.
Frequency: Annual.
Format: Flexible.

(A)
 
Banks must provide a general description of the trading desk structure (as defined in SMAR4) and types of instruments included in the IMA trading desks.

(B) 
For ES models, banks must provide the following information: 

 
(a)
A description of trading desks covered by the ES models. Where applicable, banks must also describe the main trading desks not included in ES regulatory calculations (due to lack of historical data or model constraints) and treated under other measures (such as specific treatments allowed in some jurisdictions).
 (b)The soundness criteria on which the internal capital adequacy assessment is based (eg forward-looking stress testing) and a description of the methodologies used to achieve a capital adequacy assessment that is consistent with the soundness standards.
 (c)A general description of the ES model(s). For example, banks may describe whether the model(s) is (are) based on historical simulation, Monte Carlo simulations or other appropriate analytical methods and the observation period for ES based on stressed observations (ESR,S).
 (d)The frequency by which model data is updated.
 (e)A description of the ES calculation based on current and stressed observations. For example, banks should describe the reduced set of risk factors used to calibrate the period of stress the share of the variations in the full ES that is explained by the reduced set of risk factors, and the observation period used to identify the most stressful 12 months. 

(C)
SES 

 
(a)
A general description of each methodology used to achieve a capital assessment for categories of NMRFs that is consistent with the required soundness standard. 

(D)
Banks using internal models to determine the DRC must provide the following information: 

 
(a)
A general description of the methodology: Information about the characteristics and scope of the value-at-risk (VaR) and whether different models are used for different exposure classes. For example, banks may describe the range of probability of default (PD) by obligors on the different types of positions, the approaches used to correct market-implied PDs as applicable, the treatment of netting, basis risk between long and short exposures of different obligors, mismatch between a position and its hedge and concentrations that can arise within and across product classes during stressed conditions.
 (b)The methodology used to achieve a capital assessment that is consistent with both the required soundness standard and SMAR13.18 to SMAR13.39. 

(E)
Validation of models and modelling processes 

 
(a)
The approaches used in the validation of the models and modelling processes, describing general approaches used and the types of assumptions and benchmarks on which they rely.
 
Table MR2: Market risk for banks using the IMA
Purpose: Provide the components of the capital requirement under the IMA for market risk.
Scope of application: The template is mandatory for banks using the IMA for part or all of their market risk for regulatory capital calculations.
Content: Capital requirement calculation (as defined in SMAR13) at the group-wide level (according to the scope of regulatory consolidation).
Frequency: Quarterly.
Format: Fixed.
Accompanying narrative: Banks must report the components of their total capital requirement that are included for their most recent measure and the components that are included for their average of the previous 60 days for ES, IMCC and SES, and 12 weeks for DRC. Banks must also provide a comparison of VaR estimates with actual gains/losses experienced by the bank, with analysis of important “outliers” in backtest results. Banks are also expected to include the corresponding figures at the previous quarter in this template and explain any significant changes in the current figures in the narrative section.
 
 abcdefg
At the current quarterAt the previous quarter
Risk measure: for previous 60 days / 12 weeks:Number of backtesting exceptionsRisk measure: for previous 60 days / 12 weeks
Most recentAverageHighLowVaR measure 99.0%Most recentAverage
1Unconstrained expected shortfall       
2ES for the regulatory risk classesGeneral interest rate risk       
3Equity risk       
4Commodity risk       
5Foreign exchange risk       
6Credit spread risk       
7Constrained expected shortfall       
8IMCC (0.5*Unconstrained ES+0.5*constrained risk class ES)       
9Capital requirement for non-modellable risk factors; SES       
10Default risk capital requirement       
11Capital surcharge for amber trading desks     
12Capital requirements for green and amber trading desks (including capital surcharge)     
13Total SA capital requirements for trading desks ineligible to use the IMA as reported in MR1 (CU)     
14Difference in capital requirements under the IMA and SA for green and amber trading desks     
15SA capital requirement for all trading desks (including those subject to IMA)     
16Total market risk capital requirement: min(12+13; 15)+max(0, 14)     
 
Definitions and instructions
 
Row NumberExplanation
1Unconstrained expected shortfall: Expected shortfall (ES) as defined in SMAR13.1 to SMAR13.12, calculated without supervisory constraints on cross-risk factor correlations.
7Constrained expected shortfall: ES as defined in SMAR13.1 to SMAR13.12, calculated in accordance with SMAR13.14. The constrained ES disclosed should be the sum of partial expected shortfall capital requirements (ie all other risk factors should be held constant) for the range of broad regulatory risk factor classes (interest rate risk, equity risk, foreign exchange risk, commodity risk and credit spread risk).
9Capital requirement for non-modellable risk factors: aggregate regulatory capital measure calculated in accordance with SMAR13.16 and SMAR13.17, for risk factors in model-eligible trading desks that are deemed non-modellable in accordance with SMAR10.4.
10Default risk capital (DRC) requirement: in accordance with SMAR13.18, measure of the default risk of trading book positions, except those subject to standardised capital requirements. This covers, inter alia, sovereign exposures (including those denominated in the sovereign's domestic currency), equity positions and defaulted debt positions.
11Capital surcharge for amber trading desks: capital surcharge for eligible trading desks that is in the P&L attribution test “amber zone”, calculated in accordance with SMAR13.45.
12Subtotal for green and amber trading desks: (CA+DRC) + Capital surcharge, in accordance with SMAR13.41 to SMAR13.43; SMAR13.22; and SMAR13.45. Row 12= max[8/a+9/a; multiplier*8/b+9/b]+max[10/a; 10/b]+11.
13Total SA capital requirements for trading desks ineligible to use the IMA (CU): standardised approach (SA) capital requirements for trading desks that are either out of scope for model approval or that have been deemed ineligible to use the IMA, corresponding to the total capital requirement under the SA as reported in row 12 of Template MR1.
14Difference in capital requirements under the IMA and SA for green and amber trading desks: capital requirements for green and amber trading desks under the IMA (IMAG,A) – capital requirements for green and amber trading desks under SA (SAG,A) in accordance with SMAR13.45).
15SA capital requirement for all trading desks (including those subject to the IMA): the most recent standardised approach capital requirement for all instruments across all trading desks, regardless of whether those trading desks are eligible for the IMA, as set out in SMAR13.43 and SMAR3.10(1).
16Total market risk capital requirement: the total capital requirement is calculated as set out in SMAR13.43

Linkages across templates
 
[MR2:16 minus MR2:13] is equal to [OV1 22/c]
 
[MR2:16 minus MR2:13] x 12.5 is equal to [CMS1 5/a] (The linkage to “Template CMS1: Comparison of modelled and standardised RWA at risk level” will not hold if a bank using the standardised approach for market risk also uses SEC-IRBA and/or SEC-IAA when determining the default risk charge component for securitisations held in the trading book.)
 
[MR2:13] x 12.5 is equal to [CMS1 5/b] (The linkage to “Template CMS1: Comparison of modelled and standardised RWA at risk level” will not hold if a bank using the standardised approach for market risk also uses SEC-IRBA and/or SEC-IAA when determining the default risk charge component for securitisations held in the trading book.)
 
[MR2:16] x 12.5 is equal to [CMS1 5/c]
 
[MR2:15] x 12.5 is equal to [CMS1 5/d] (The linkage to “Template CMS1: Comparison of modelled and standardised RWA at risk level” will not hold if an AI using the standardised approach for market risk also uses SEC-IRBA and/or SEC-IAA when determining the default risk charge component for securitisations held in the trading book.)

22.2.3 Market risk under the simplified standardised approach (SSA)
 
Table MR3: Market risk under the simplified standardised approach
Purpose: Provide the components of the capital requirement under the simplified standardised approach for market risk.
Scope of application: The template is mandatory for banks that use the simplified standardised approach to determine market risk capital requirements.
Content: Capital requirement (as defined in SMAR14 of the market risk framework).
Frequency: Semiannual.
Format: Fixed. Additional rows can be added for the breakdown of other risks.
Accompanying narrative:
 
 abcd
Outright productsOptions
Simplified approachDelta-plus methodScenario approach
1Interest rate risk    
2Equity risk    
3Commodity risk    
4RWA at end of day previous current quarter
5Securitisation    
6Total    
 
Definitions and instructions
 
Row NumberExplanation
5Securitisation: specific capital requirement under SMAR14.14
aOutright products: positions in products that are not optional. This includes the capital requirement under SMAR14.3 to SMAR14.40 (interest rate risk); the capital requirement under SMAR14.41 to SMAR14.52 (equity risk); the capital requirement under SMAR14.63 to SMAR14.73 (commodities risk); and the capital requirement under SMAR14.53 to SMAR14.62 (FX risk).
bOptions under the simplified approach: capital requirements for option risks (non-delta risks) under SMAR14.76 from debt instruments, equity instruments, commodities instruments and foreign exchange instruments.
cOptions under the delta-plus method: capital requirements for option risks (non-delta risks) under SMAR14.77 to SMAR14.80 from debt instruments, equity instruments, commodities instruments and foreign exchange instruments.
dOptions under the scenario approach: capital requirements for option risks (non-delta risks) under SMAR14.81 to SMAR14.86 from debt instruments, equity instruments, commodities instruments and foreign exchange instruments.